根据欧洲2092/91规定(欧洲经济共同体,EEC),美国国家有机物管理办法(NOP)，日本农业标准（JAS） 和CERES标准解释
1. Group certification:
● Is a necessary tool to allow smallholders access to organic markets
● Requests a high level of commitment and knowledge by the organisation or certificate holder
● Is possible for crop production, animal husbandry, or beekeeping.
1．团体认证
● 团体认证是使小农户得以进入有机产品市场的重要手段。
● 每个组织或通过认证标准的组织都必须熟悉团体认证的相关知识而且履行团体认证规定的责任。
● 作物生产、家畜饲养、或养蜂（业）可以通过团体认证

2. Normative framework:
● According to NOP, farmers with less than 5,000 USD annual turnovers can sell organic products without certification; this, however, refers more to smallholders in the USA, who sell directly to consumers. These producers are not allowed to display the USDA-seal.
● In 2003, the EU commission issued a "guidance" for group certification according to (EEC) 2092/91; this document, however, is not legally binding, and different EU member countries may have different positions on this; the paper limits group certification to developing countries as defined by the OECD (http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00038000/M00038051.pdf).